Tom Luxsox Coins

Russian Empire

Chechen Revolution and Russian Imperialism

 

"Proud sons of Caucasus…" – the great Russian poet A. S. Pushkin called Caucasus mountain-dwellers thus. Pushkin admired their courage and bravery, their love for freedom and rebelliousness.

The history of colonization of Chechnya by Russia has been traced to the end of 18th century. Russian tsarism used that acres as landlord grounds, driving away indigenous population to the mountains, and that people who remain were changed into bondmen, i.e. into slaves. Besides, tsarism used Chechnya as the outpost, as the base military point at the Caucasus.

Chechen people were not reconciled to enslavement. All their history within Russia is the history of the struggle for independence. "Why are you come to us with the troops?" - mountain-dwellers asked tsarist general. He began to explain them, that Turkish sultan ceded this land to tsar. Then one of mountain-dwellers pointed at the bird, which took wing from the tree, and said: "I cede this bird to you. Take it if you can…"

Tsarist government decided to conquer Chechens by force of weapon. Tsar Nicholas I demanded "repression of mountain peoples forever and extermination of intractable ones" from his commanders. Tsar's generals, carrying out his will, invaded with troops into mountain gorges, disforested, trampled down fields, burned down villages, stole the cattle out. Mountain-dwellers, in their turn, attacked Russian fortifications and Cossack villages (stanitsas). The war at Caucasus continued for 60 years.

The love for motherland, for freedom inspired Chechens to heroic feats. They barred the way of tsarist troops in gorges with felled trees. Mountain-dwellers, firing back from behind obstructions, tied together by belts, so as even the last survivor couldn't leave the line of defense. If the enemy burst in the village, mountain-dwellers defended every house. Old people fought nip and tuck with young people, women fought along with men. When gunpowder came to the end, daggers and stones were used.

Heroic struggle of Chechens aroused ardent sympathy of all advanced people of that time. "Peoples, learn from them, what are people capable of, when they wish to remain free" – "Communist Journal", which was led by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, wrote.

The Chechens' struggle was waged under the banner of religious war of Chechens, as Muslims, against Russians, as infidels. But it doesn't mean that Chechens were religious fanatics, as Russian nationalists lie. No, the struggle was waged not for religious dogmas, but for the freedom from Russian occupation.

By 20th century the oppression of Chechen people by tsarist Russia was strengthen. Cossacks continued to press Chechens into the mountains. Often some Chechen old residents remembered that in former times there were their acres here, but now there were Cossacks' domains. Nobody was brought to account for the murder of Chechen, but if Chechen was detecting to have a gun, then his entire village was crushed.                                                                                

In 1917 October revolution occurred. This revolution has overthrown tsarism and aroused hope for liberation to oppressed peoples of Russian Empire.

Chechen people arose too. Chechen acres were possessed by Cossacks, which were "landlord people" in North Caucasus, as Orjonikidze expressed. Counter-revolutionary Cossacks' gangs were crushed by Chechens. According to Orjonikidze, the slogan "Beat Russians!" was very popular among Chechen people, because Russians were oppressors towards this little nation. This suggested that it is necessary to give freedom to Chechen people, in order that Chechen people cease to view Russians as enemies, in order to consolidate international solidarity of Chechen people with Russian ones.

But, unfortunately, Stalin trampled on nation's right of separation, which was declared by Lenin. Stalin, in spite of unceasing struggle of Chechen people for independence, didn't give the freedom to this nation. What Lenin feared for is occurred: nation's right of separation, which was proclaimed on paper, turned out to be the empty promise in fact. Chechnya was turned into a raw materials-producing agrarian appendage of Russia. Soviet imperialism plundered the oil from it, and it gave nothing in return.

During World War II Chechnya, as the whole Caucasus, was the object of share between German and Soviet imperialisms. Chechen people refused to shed their blood for the profits of Stalin's regime: 90% of Chechens didn't come to recruiting centers. Then Stalin evicted forcibly all Chechens – about 400,000 – into unlivable regions of Kazakhstan, as European colonizers have driven American Indians into reservations. More than 30% of Chechens have perished as a result of that resettlement. Autonomy of Chechen people, i.e. the right to have their native language as the state language and to have the schools with their native language, was abolished and reestablished only at 1950s.

These facts suggest that World War II from the direction of Russia was not Great Patriotic War, as the majority of Russian historians lie. This war from the direction of Germany as well as from the direction of Russia was carry out not for freedom of the own people, but for unfreedom, for the plunder of other peoples. Stalin's and Hitler's regimes drove their peoples to the slaughter by deception and gained vast profits from this. Because of the victory in the World War II Soviet Union occupied East Europe by troops, what allowed it to plunder foreign peoples on a large scale. Thanks to these plunders the State Bank of USSR gained vast profits, and the piece of these profits was given to Russian workers in order to bribe workers, to create an impression, that it is socialism in our country, in order to divert workers from the struggle against communo-fascist regime – communist nominally, but fascist in fact.

Meantime, Chechnya continued to remain oil appendage of Russia. The other industries in this republic, except for petroleum production, were put a brake on. While in Bashkiria, for example, the part of urban population in the whole population  was increased by a factor of 1.5 from 1975 to 1990, in Chechnya it wasn't increased at all. The scale of petroleum production in Chechnya was kept secret thoroughly. It was naturally, because Soviet ruling regime was supported by the plunder of oil and selling it to the West.

But at the late 1980's oil prices at the world market came down. Soviet imperialism was shocked by very strong crisis, which threatened ruling Kremlin elite with revolution. In order to save its skin from revolution ruling communo-fascist regime quickly changed the mask – from "communist" to "democratic", trying to fool people by this, thinking, that people don't recognize old scoundrels in new mask. It was proclaimed the independence of oppressed peoples nominally, which in fact turned into even greater dependence: Central Bank of Russia pocketed (misappropriated) the shares of republics which were in the State Bank of USSR; Russian military bases remained in all republics. Russian bankers have provoked conflicts between nations in colonies - between Moldavians and Pridnestrovye, between Georgians and Abkhazians, between Tajiks and Afghans – in order to split national-liberation movement. The former president of Russia Yeltsin lied to peoples: "Take the sovereignty as you can swallow". But as soon as Chechen people declared the independence from Russia through its nation-wide elected president Jokhar Dudayev, Chechnya was proclaimed "the source of terrorist threat". It's ridiculous: little Chechnya, which has no nuclear warheads, which area is 1,200 times less than Russia's area, threatens to Kremlin – world gendarme with thousands nuclear warheads!

It is naturally: Russian capitalists don't want to give up the "tasty piece" of superprofits, which is gotten from the plunder of Chechen oil.

Second Chechen war has begun just from this point: Chechnya has turned off the pipeline to Russia, because Kremlin didn't pay for oil under the treaty. The escapade with explosions of houses in Moscow occurred instantly, which was ascribed to Chechens without adducing any proof. It was not advantageous to do it to Chechen revolutionaries, because they would set Russian people against them by this act (if Chechens would explode anything, it would be Kremlin or General prosecutor's office). But for Putin's regime the explosions of houses in Moscow were advantageous, because they have served as a plausible pretext to retributive operation. Thus, the cause of this colonial war is turning off the pipeline by Chechnya because of non-payment of debts, but the plausible pretext is the explosions of houses in Moscow, like in 1933 the arson of Reichstag was the plausible pretext for establishing of Hitler's dictatorship. Putin, don't waiting for proofs of Chechens' guilt of the explosions of houses, began to bomb this long-suffering country, as well as Hitler set Reichstag on fire and blamed communists for the accident, beginning beforehand prepared repressions of communists at the same night.

Literally at the next day after the explosions of houses bourgeois newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" published the results of the public opinion poll: allegedly, the majority of Russians think that it is necessary to bomb Chechnya for the explosions of houses, although according to the law a man can be named a criminal only after sentencing, and there was no trial. General effect of this publication is that "Komsomolskaya Pravda" carried out this poll before the explosions of houses.

Putin's regime expends on this predatory war 2.5 billion USD from budget only in the area of Ministry of Defense, but Putin himself blab out that this operation is waged not so much by Ministry of Defense as by Ministry of Internal Affairs, Federal Security Service etc., i.e. in fact the expenses is much more. At the expense of this predatory war, at the expense of the plunder of Chechen oil ruling elite provides economic growth – police power not without reason so fears decreasing in oil prices at the world market. Such "growth" is provided by the blood of common Russian lads, which are thrown in this slaughter, while Putin goes throughout the world with his wife and lives in costly hotels. "To bump off even in toilet!" – cries this bloody dictator, but he doesn't shed his blood himself!

Russian military bombs small petroleum refineries in Chechnya, i.e. it puts a brake on the economy. It is not accidentally: if Chechnya would be able to refine its oil itself, Russian capital wouldn't be able to sell there finished oil products (gasoline, kerosene, mazut, diesel oil etc.) at exorbitant price – today finished oil products are derived from Chechen oil, which is taken out for nothing, at petroleum refineries in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. Russian imperialism destroys Chechen oil-refining industry in order to hold Chechnya in economic dependence.                                      

If we, Russian poor, want to overthrow the power of the rich and police, who force us to work hardly, who beat and imprison us, we must advocate Chechen independence, because fascist Putin's regime, which oppresses us, is supported by the plunder of colonies. At the expense of the plunder of colonies capitalists build prisons, arm police, build churches for deluding people, and bribe communist leaders by privileges in order that they lie to workers. Today the majority of official communist parties came to terms with police regime. At police dictation they deceive proletarians that Chechen fighters for independence are allegedly puppets of Berezovsky, and Afghan revolutionaries – Talibs – are allegedly puppets of USA.

Unlike these false communists we – Russian Party of Bolsheviks – declare: only if we, Russian proletarians, give the freedom to colonies of Russia, then we would be able to put an end to police abuse, to social problems – misery, homelessness, alcoholism, drug addiction and AIDS. "People, which enslave other peoples, can't be free", - said Marx. Our enemy is not Chechen or American. Our enemy is new Russian rich, impudent, greedy and lying.  

 

New revolution to new Russian rich!

 

April 6th, 2002                                        

 

About the Author

Map of the Russian Empire $34.99 J. Wallis Map of the Russian Empire - Giclee Print

Russian Empire $23.75 Russian Empire offers new perspectives on the strategies of imperial rule pursued by rulers, officials, scholars, and subjects of the Russian empire. An international team of scholars explores the connections between Russia's expansion over vast territories occupied by people of many ethnicities, religions, and political experiences and the evolution of imperial administration and vision. The fresh research reflected in this innovative volume reveals the ways in which the realities of sustaining imperial power in a multiethnic, multiconfessional, scattered, and diffuse environment inspired political imaginaries and set limits on what the state could accomplish. Taken together, these rich essays provide important new frameworks for understanding Russia's imperial geography of power.

Russian Literature and Empire $44 The first book to provide a synthesising study of Russian writing about the Caucasus during the nineteenth-century age of empire-building.

Russian Empire Census $92.4 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The Russian Empire Census of 1897 was the first and the only census carried out in the Russian Empire ( Finland was excluded ). It recorded demographic data as of 28 January 1897. Previously, the Central Statistical Bureau issued statistical tables based on fiscal lists ( ). The second Russian Census was scheduled for 1915, but was cancelled because of the World War I (and never happened in the Russian Empire because of the Russian Revolution of 1917). The census project was suggested by famous Russian geographer and chief of the Central Statistical Bureau Pyotr SemenovTyanShansky in 1877, and was approved by Tsar Nicholas II in 1895. The census was performed in two stages. In the first stage (December 1896 January 1897) the counters (135,000 persons: literate soldiers, teachers and priests) visited all households and filled in the questionnaires, which were verified by local census managers. In the second stage (9 January 1898) the counters simultaneously visited all households to verify and update the questionnaires. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 136 Publication Date: 2010/09/04 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.32 inches

Military History of the Russian Empire $127.45 Military history of the Russian Empire. French invasion of Russia, Crimean War, RussoTurkish War (18771878), Russo Japanese War, World War, Russian Revolution (1917), Eastern Front (World War I), Caucasus Campaign Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 184 Publication Date: 2009/10/08 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.42 inches

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Cossacks and the Russian Empire 15981725 $71.6 Using a wide range sources, this book explores the ways in which the Russians governed their empire in Siberia from 1598 to 1725. Paying particular attention to the role of the Siberian Cossaks, the author takes a thorough assessment of how the institutions of imperial government functioned in seventeenth century Russia. It raises important questions concerning the nature of the Russian autocracy in the early modern period, investigating the neglected relations of a vital part of the Empire with the metropolitan centre, and examines how the Russian authorities were able to control such a vast and distant frontier given the limited means at its disposal. It argues that despite this great physical distance, the representations of the Tsars rule in the symbols, texts and gestures that permeated Siberian institutions were close at hand, thus allowing the promotion of political stability and favourable terms of trade. Investigating the role of the Siberian Cossacks, the book explains how the institutions of empire facilitated their position as traders via the sharing of cultural practices, attitudes and expectations of behaviour across large distances among the members of organisations or personal networks. Author: Witzenrath Christoph/ Witzenrath, Christoph Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 280 Publication Date: 2009/04/01 Language: English Dimensions: 6.14 x 9.21 x 0.58 inches

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Cossacks and the Russian Empire, 1598-1725 $44.95 Using a wide range sources, this book explores the ways in which the Russians governed their empire in Siberia from 1598 to 1725. Paying particular attention to the role of the Siberian Cossaks, the author provides a thorough assessment of how the institutions of imperial government functioned in seventeenth century Russia.

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Omas Russian Empire Fountain Pen Gold Medium $13500 This Limited Edition is dedicated to the Russian Empire. The body of this fountain pen is embellished by some images in relief that recall the symbols of luxury, beauty and power of the Russian Empire. In the last part of the cap two royal lions dominate, while on the barrel there are various subjects linked to the Russian's culture, such as four medallions showing the patriotic war of 1812, a mythological image and the so called shield of the victory.

Russian Post Offices in the Ottoman Empire $58.94 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The Russian post offices in the Ottoman Empire were a set of post offices operated by Russia in various cities of the Ottoman Empire from the late 18th century until September 1914. The earliest mail service between St Petersburg and Constantinople consisted of diplomatic pouches carried from 1721 on. The Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca in 1774 provided for a regular mail service, for which a consular post office was established in Constantinople. It began using handstamped postal markings around 1830. Beginning in 1779 a mail boat circulated between Constantinople and Kherson, and 1781 saw the establishment of an overland route through Bucharest to Bratzlav. In 1856, the Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company (Russkoe Obschchestvo Parokhodstva i Torgovli or, ROPiT) took over postal operations. It handled mail service between the various offices, and funneled mail to the rest of Russia through Odessa. The ROPiT offices received a status equivalent to regular Russian post offices in 1863. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 68 Publication Date: 2010/09/02 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.16 inches

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The Native Races of the Russian Empire $30.44 This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

The Rise of the Russian Empire $30.34 This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

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