Russia Rouble
Posted in Uncategorized on 08/25/2003 07:31 am by admin
Russia Rouble
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 20906 RUSSIA 1911 North Donetz Railway SHARE certificate 100 Roubles scarce  US $108.25
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 Russia 4 Moskau 1901 XXXII500 roubles US $135.00
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 Russia 4 Moskau 1900 XXVIII500 roubles US $135.00
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 Russia 4 Moskau 1901 XXXII1000 roubles US $135.00
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 Poland Russia 1836 5 Zlotych 3 4 Rouble VF XF US $56.99
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 Russia 1842 Rouble XF US $89.00
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 Russia Rouble 1902 XF US $261.33
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 1902 IMPERIAL RUSSIA CZAR NICHOLAS II GOLD 5 ROUBLES COIN US $250.00
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 1918 SOUTH RUSSIA 250 ROUBLES BANKNOTE 1918 MINT CONDITION US $9.99
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 Russia 3 Roubles banknote Shipov US $.01
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 Russia 5 Roubles banknote Shipov US $.99
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 Russia 10 Roubles banknote Shipov US $.99
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 1900 Russia 5 Rouble Gold US $206.00
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 BUNDLE of RUSSIA 500 RUBLES 1992 UNC P 249 100 NOTES US $289.00
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 RUSSIA YEAR 1991 5 RUBLE CRISP UNC US $.99
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 Russia Civil War 10000 10000 Rubles 1919 P S425 VF US $7.69
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 1909 Russia 10 Rubles Note Pick 11c Shipov US $1.60
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 Russia 1994 100 Roubles UNC US $.96
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 Russia 1898 1 Rouble UNC US $5.38
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 Russia 1909 10 Roubles UNC US $2.40
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 NEW RUSSIA 10 ROUBLES 2011 MALGOBEK SITY UNC US $2.50
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 Russia silver CORONATION ROUBLE 1883 US $300.00
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 Russia 10 Roubles 2005 x 4 US $1.99
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 Russia 10 Roubles x 5 US $2.99
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 5 Pts 100 rubles 1997 2004 Russia UNC US $35.00
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Russian IT market to recover in 2011
During the period 2001-2008 the compound annual growth rate of the IT market in Russia exceeded 30%. In 2009 the market declined by 25% year-on-year to approx. RUB 407bn. According to the latest PMR report "IT market in Russia 2010. Development forecasts for 2010-2014" the main reason for the contraction of the Russian IT market was the financial crisis, which hit the country already in the second half of 2008. The crisis caused a significant reduction of IT investments and IT spending, especially in the first half of 2009 and some stabilisation was achieved only closer to the end of the year. In 2009 the market was characterised by so-called postponed demand when planned IT investments of many companies were put off until the situation with their business and revenue would become stable.
The Russian IT market is corporate oriented, and the sector accounts for 55% of total market spending. In 2008-2009 the market share of corporate customers in overall IT spending declined, which is explained by the sharp reduction of the investments by the business.
The reduction of IT investments took place together with significant demand restructuring. In 2009 companies were looking at the efficiency and control of their business, therefore projects with clear and quick outcomes received the priority. These projects were focusing on the automation of specific important functions, typically some accounting or CRM rather than implementation of big ERP systems targeting the entire business. Companies were implementing IT systems keeping in mind return on investments and there was no interest in the development of IT infrastructure and installation of ERP solutions with the objective of company capitalisation before an IPO. As a result, less expensive solutions with less brand image were usually chosen. Finally, IT budgets were cut significantly and companies were trying to make more for less money, putting suppliers in a pretty tough position.
Individual users also started to look for savings in their budgets, with a view to reducing IT expenditures as well. The unemployment level in Russia went up and in 2009 growing uncertainty in the future incomes was observed. Therefore the purchase of new PCs declined, as well as a consequence of the hardware price growth as a result of the Russian rouble devaluation.
Positive macroeconomic forecasts
Until 2007 Russia experienced nine years of average annual GDP growth of 6.9%. Whereas in 2007 the country's GDP grew by 8.1%, in 2008 it increased by 6.7%. At the same time, while the inflation rate rose to 11.9% in 2007, in 2008 it exceeded 13%. In 2009 the Russian GDP declined by 7.9% to RUB 39,063.6bn in current prices and inflation remained at the level of 8.8%. The main reason for the worsening socio-economic situation has been the global financial crisis, which has led to a higher unemployment rate and a reduction in the purchasing power of the population. Inflation in 2009 was lower than the year before as a result of the slump in demand in spite of the fact that the devaluation of the rouble made imports more expensive.
The improvement of the Russian economy after the financial crisis will have a significant impact also on the confidence of domestic companies. The crisis showed that efficiency of the business, flexibility and financial control are critical for survival and IT is an essential element of these business capabilities.
Russian companies are still far from being saturated with IT systems. Besides traditional biggest IT spenders i.e. telecoms, oil and gas and financial sector, we expect growth of the demand from the retail and manufacturing industries. PMR also expects that government efforts and investments will have a positive impact on the IT market, especially in 2011 when the development of governmental e-services will take place.
This press release is based on information contained in the latest PMR report entitled "IT market in Russia 2010. Development forecasts for 2010-2014".
About the Author
PMR (www.pmrcorporate.com) is a British-American company providing market information, advice and services to international businesses interested in Central and Eastern European countries as well as other emerging markets. PMR's key areas of operation include business publications, consultancy and market research. Being present on the market since 1995, employing highly skilled staff, offering high international standards in projects and publications, providing one of most frequently visited and top-ranked websites, PMR is one of the largest companies of its type in the region.
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The Financial Crisis in Russia 1998 $27.64 Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Economics / Business: Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Berlin (International Management), language: English, abstract: Once again Russia's positive economic development outlook has been thrown into question by the global financial crisis. The country has faced a whole lot of economic problems in the past months. Russians have withdrawn 290 billion Dollars from the country's banks in fear of a financial collapse. At first sight on the past two years' events on Russia's financial market one may have had an impression of a d j -vu: Since August 2008: the Rouble has dropped about one third against the Euro over 30 percent and against the Dollar even more than 40 percent.2 The incoming foreign investment of 28 billion Dollars which broke all records right in the year before has now shrunk up to a few billion. The country's two stock markets, the Russian Trading System (RTS) and the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX), have fallen 78 percent and 67 percent respectively since their highs in May 2008.3It appears as some cynical 10th anniversary of 17th of August 1998: when the Russian Government announced the gradual devaluation of the Rouble, the default on domestic and foreign debts, and declared a moratorium on payment by Russian commercial banks to foreign creditors. So the Rouble has dropped to the Dollar more than 300percent in the following months and was six times lower only a year after.At the outset this paper sets the currency crisis into the framework of the macroeconomic theory and provides a historical overview by putting the 1998 crisis into its timeframe and showing the impacts on the Russian economy. Furthermore the following questions are discussed: Why did the Rouble collapse? Was this a home-made crisis or was it caused by exogenous factors such as the foregone turmoil on Asia's financial markets?Finally it shows what the conditions under whic |
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