Tom Luxsox Coins

Nagorno Karabakh

Azerbaijan may be one or more of the leading holidaymaker destinations in 1980 but as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1990s, the tourism was significantly affected. It is simply in 2000 the fact that business started to recover. The state is known for healthcare, spa, and religious tourism. You'll certainly have a total load of tours whenever you stop by Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan might have slept for any decade however the country's traveler locations are now flourishing to show the world how pleasurable the state is. The land homes a few of the world customs websites. Also, the nation has lots of historic and architectural monuments that display its rich background. The ancient town of Baku has lots of tales to inform. The Walled Community of Baku was declared being a earth historical internet site by UNESCO in 2000. Included in the Walled Community complicated are the Palace in the Shirvanshahs, the Maiden Tower, and the Synyg Gala or the Broken Tower.

Ateshgah is the one other fascinating location in Baku. It is often a fire temple created throughout the 17th-18th centuries. There is a square pit used like a burning spot for bodies about the sacred fire. Azerbaijan Heritage Museum is also located in Baku. The artifacts from the museum is additional than 300,000 that includes the coin minting historical past, monies circulation, obsidian resources of paleolith, mesolite, and late Stone Age, variety of carpets, vessels, pitchers, wares, plus the armory collection with more than 600 armory samples from several nations and ages.

Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape in Baku was established in 1966. Gobustan is quite famous worldwide as a consequence of the six,000 rock carvings created in between five,000 to 40,000 years ago. It was declared to be a entire world tradition web site by UNESCO in 2007. Other historical monuments are Mardakan Castles in Baku and Palace of Sheki Khans in Sheki.

Azerbaijan has six nature that look after the surroundings and they serve as educational and cultural centers for study. The nature are Hirkan Countrywide Playground in Lankaran region, Shirvan Countrywide Playground in Shirvan Point out Reserve, Ag-Gel Countrywide Playground, Ordubad National Playground in Ordubad, Absheron National Playground, and Altyaghach Nationwide Playground. Museums are likewise obtainable in the major cities from the nation.

If you find this article useful, you may also visit famouswonders.com to read more about some of the best places to visit and have a look at azerbaijan travel guide.

The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict $119 This treatise is primarily concerned with the legal aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Current developments make it clear that the juristic aspects of secession conflicts are successively becoming blurred. Also, their significance is being superseded within the framework of conflict resolution attempts. The controversial recognition of Kosovo by several states in 2008 as well as the equally questionable recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia are merely two aspects. The aim of this treatise is therefore to focus more strongly on the legal positions, and in particular to underline the importance of principles of international law in connection with the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The analysis concentrates on two aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. On the one hand the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the secession of Nagorno-Karabakh is scrutinised in accordance with Soviet law and international law. In this respect, the current developments in the cases of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia are also taken into account. On the other hand, insight is provided into how the conduct of the Republic of Armenia is to be assessed from an international law perspective.

The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict (Hardcover) $297.23 This treatise is primarily concerned with the legal aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Current developments make it clear that the juristic aspects of secession conflicts are successively becoming blurred. Also, their significance is being superseded within the framework of conflict resolution attempts. The controversial recognition of Kosovo by several states in 2008 as well as the equally questionable recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia are merely two aspects. The aim of this treatise is therefore to focus more strongly on the legal positions, and in particular to underline the importance of principles of international law in connection with the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.The analysis concentrates on two aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. On the one hand the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the secession of Nagorno-Karabakh is scrutinised in accordance with Soviet law and international law.In this respect, the current developments in the cases of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia are also taken into account. On the other hand, insight is provided into how the conduct of the Republic of Armenia is to be assessed from an international law perspective.

The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis $122.99 This treatise is primarily concerned with the legal aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Current developments make it clear that the juristic aspects of secession conflicts are successively becoming blurred. Also, their significance is being superseded within the framework of conflict resolution attempts. The controversial recognition of Kosovo by several states in 2008 as well as the equally questionable recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by Russia are merely two aspects. The aim of this treatise is therefore to focus more strongly on the legal positions, and in particular to underline the importance of principles of international law in connection with the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The analysis concentrates on two aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. On the one hand the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the secession of Nagorno-Karabakh is scrutinised in accordance with Soviet law and international law. In this respect, the current developments in the cases of Kosovo, Abkhazia and South Ossetia are also taken into account. On the other hand, insight is provided into how the conduct of the Republic of Armenia is to be assessed from an international law perspective.

Third Party Mediation in Nagorno Karabakh $96.59 The dissolution of the Soviet Union has caused many conflicts of different types in the Caucasus region. Among them, the conflict in Nagorno Karabakh turned out to be the most intractable dispute since it had the properties of a modern global conflict in terms of territorial, ethnic and national dimensions, intertwined with a historical burden of ancient grievances. Many major states and regional actors such as Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey and OSCE, initiated third party mediation in order to resolve the conflict and to terminate violence. Today, many critics argue that the mediators were to blame for the delay of a peaceful settlement since they gave first priority to their own interests and stalled the negotiation process. In this book, the authors approach is predicated on various theoretical frameworks of mediation. The contribution of the mediators to the failure of negotiations is examined with a focus on the third party mediation; variables concerning the mediator, the conflict and the negotiation process. In doing so, the author finds the mediator motives to be of great significance when it comes to conflict settlement in strategically important regions. Author: Baser, Bahar Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 76 Publication Date: 2008/08/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.16 inches

Foreign Relations of Armenia: Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenian-Kurdish Relations, Eastern Partnership $19.54 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenian-kurdish Relations, Eastern Partnership, Armenian Nationalism, Armenia-european Union Relations, 2009 Azerbaijan-armenia Negotiations in Munich, International Rankings of Armenia, List of Diplomatic Missions in Armenia, Visa Policy of Armenia, German-armenian Society, United Nations Security Council Resolution 735, Austrian-armenian Cultural Society, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Excerpt: Nagorno-Karabakh is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, lying between Lower Karabakh and Zangezur and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains. The region is mostly mountainous and forested and has an area of 8,223 square kilometres (3,175 sq mi). Most of the region is governed by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, an unrecognized, de facto independent state established on the basis of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast within the Azerbaijan SSR of the Soviet Union. The territory however is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, which has not exercised power over most of the region since 1991. Since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994, representatives of the governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan have been holding peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group on the region's status. Mamkan, Queen of Khachen and Princess of Baghk. Bas-relief, Gandzasar monastery, 13th centuryNagorno () is a Russian word meaning "highland". The word is not used in Armenian or Azerbaijani, but was used in the official name of the region under the Soviet Union. Due to this, it is the most commonly known name, though many languages also use their own word for mountainous or upper or highland; for example, the official name used by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic in France is Haut-Karabakh, meaning "upper Karab... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=65220

The Nagorno-karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis $116.03 No Synopsis Available

Culture of Nagorno-Karabakh : Karabakh Carpet, We Are Our Mountains, Music of Nagorno-Karabakh, Artsakh State Museum, Asta Garabaghi $9.05 No Synopsis Available

Geography of Nagorno-Karabakh : Karabakh, Norashen, Hadrut, Shahumian, Askeran, Martuni $7.86 No Synopsis Available

Minefields : Land Mine Situation in Nagorno Karabakh $8.74 No Synopsis Available

Battles Involving Nagorno-Karabakh : Capture of Shusha $7.55 No Synopsis Available

Armenian Apostolic Churches: Armenian Apostolic Monasteries, Churches in Nagorno-Karabakh, Church of the Nativity, Armenian Church $19.53 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Church of the Nativity, Armenian Church, Singapore, Saint Karapet Monastery, Vank Cathedral, Saint Thaddeus Monastery, Church of the Holy Mother of God, Krtsanis Tsiranavor Surb Astvatsatsin, Gandzasar Monastery, Amaras Monastery, Cathedral of Saint George, Tbilisi, Lmbatavank, Saint Sargis Church, Tbilisi, Cathedral of St. James, Jerusalem, Jigrashen Avetyats Church, Saint Karapet Church, Tbilisi, Chugureti St. Astvatsatsin, Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, St. Gregory the Illuminator's Church, Baku, Zrkinyants St. Gevorg, Kamoyants St. Gevorg, Saint Gayane Church, Dadivank Monastery, Kanach Zham, Armenian Cathedral of Lviv, Surp Hagop Church, Saint Stepanos Monastery, St. Vartan Cathedral, Areni Church, Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church, Tbilisi, Chapel of Saint Helena, Jerusalem, Saint Sargis Monastery of Gag, St. Sarkis Armenian Apostolic Church, Dearborn, Michigan, Church of St. Nerses the Great, Surp Hovhannes Mkrtich, St. Toros Church. Excerpt: The church of St. Grigoris of the Amaras Monastery (established in the 4th century, rebuilt in the 19th century) item Shown within Nagorno-Karabakh Republic item Basic information item Location: near Sos, Martuni Province, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic item Geographic coordinates: 394102N 470325E / 39.684N 47.057E / 39.684; 47.057Coordinates: 394102N 470325E / 39.684N 47.057E / 39.684; 47.057 item Affiliation: Armenian Apostolic Church item Architectural description item Architectural style: Armenian item Groundbreaking: 4th-19th century end{sloppypar Amaras Monastery (Armenian: ) is one of the oldest Christian sites in Nagorno-Karabakh, and is an Armenian Apostolic monastery located near the village of Sos in the Martuni county of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic . History According to Armenia's 5th-century chronicler Faustus...

Political Parties in Nagorno-Karabakh : Armenian Revolutionary Federation, List of Political Parties in Nagorno-Karabakh $9.13 No Synopsis Available

People from Nagorno-Karabakh : List of Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh, Sergei Khudyakov, Boris Kevorkov, Movses Baghramian $7.55 No Synopsis Available

Articles on Wars Involving Azerbaijan, Including: Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenian "Azerbaijani War, War in Afghanistan (2001 & $18.82 Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Hephaestus Books represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and informative books. To date, this content has been curated from Wikipedia articles and images under Creative Commons licensing, although as Hephaestus Books continues to increase in scope and dimension, more licensed and public domain content is being added. We believe books such as this represent a new and exciting lexicon in the sharing of human knowledge. This particular book is a collaboration focused on Wars involving Azerbaijan.

Cities, Towns and Villages in Martuni Province : Khojavend, Taqaverd, Karakend, Sos, Nagorno-Karabakh, Kuropatkino, Krasnyy Bazar, Gishi $7.3 No Synopsis Available

Christian Monasteries in Nagorno-Karabakh : Tsitsernavank Monastery, Gandzasar Monastery, Amaras Monastery, Dadivank Monastery $8.02 No Synopsis Available

Caucasus Music : Music of Adygea, Music of Ossetia, Music of Nagorno-Karabakh, Music of Dagestan, Music of Krasnodar, Music of Ingushetia $7.55 No Synopsis Available

Military of Armeni : Armed Forces of Armenia, Armenian Air Force, Military History of Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army, Armenian Army $12.69 No Synopsis Available

Azerbaijan a Country Study $20.05 The Soviet Union created the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region within Azerbaijan in 1924, when over 94 percent of the region's population was Armenian (see fig. 3). (The term Nagorno-Karabakh originates from the Russian for "mountainous Karabakh.") As the Azerbaijani population grew, the Karabakh Armenians chafed under discriminatory rule, and by 1960 hostilities had begun between the two populations of the region.

Karabakh Oilfield $63.73 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Karabakh (Azerbaijani: Qaraba ) is an offshore oil and gas field in the Caspian Sea, located 130 km (81 mi) east of Baku, Azerbaijan, in the northern part of Absheron archipelago. The Karabakh block is located 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of another big field AzeriChiragGuneshli (ACG)A production sharing agreement (PSA) for exploration and development of the Karabakh field was signed on 10 November 1995. It is considered to be Azerbaijans second major contract for development of oil fields in the Caspian Sea after ACG project. The agreement had a development and production period of up to 25 years with possible extension of 5 more years On 13 February, 1996 the agreement was ratified by the Parliament of Azerbaijan Republic. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 68 Publication Date: 2010/10/30 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.16 inches

The Making of Nagorno-Karabagh $130 This text discusses the first major territorial struggle in the late Soviet period, involving Nagorno Karabagh, an Armenian-inhabited territory that had been assigned to the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in the 1920s. The subsequent, unresolved, conflict has claimed many lives.

Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus $114.95 This book examines the underlying factors of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the South Caucasus from 1905 to 1994, and explores the ways in which issues of ethnicity and nationalism contributed to that conflict. The author examines the historiography and politics of the conflict, and the historical, territorial and ethnic dimensions which contributed to the dynamics of the war.

Bradt Armenia: With Nagorno Karabagh $23.17 Armenia is in many ways an enigma: a strongly Christian country yet ruled for most of the last 2,000 years by outsiders who were not Christian; a country where the symbol of Mount Ararat is omnipresent even though the biblical mountain is now in Turkey; a country where the cooking is Middle Eastern but the street life southern European. Bradt's Armenia guides you to the country's many monasteries, Selim caravanserai, the field of 900 intricately carved cross-stones at Noratus, the petro glyphs of Mount Ishkhanasar and the museums and markets of Yerevan. There is extensive information about natural history and the arts as well all the practical information needed to explore this fascinating country.

Khanates of the South Caucasus : Karabakh Khanate $8.89 No Synopsis Available

The Three Images of Ethnic War $87.25 Why do ethnic groups adopt violent means? In the 1990's, ethnicity emerged as the principle source of organized violence around the world. Ethnic wars were no longer internal conflicts between substate actors; instead they challenged state sovereignty and taxed the international community's ability to respond. Efforts to understand ethnic conflict remain divorced from the study of systemic change and the declining authority, capacity, and legitimacy of weak multiethnic states. This work proposes that the phenomenon of ethnic violence must be understood through a multilevel approach and that finding a solution to ethnic violence is possible only if we have a clear understanding of the sources that spark such violence in the first place. "The Three Images of Ethnic War " identifies the causes of ethnic war at three levels of analysis - the group, the state, and the international. These are the three images of ethnic war. This book places the outbreak of violence within context of the state and the international system in which the violence unfolds. Hanlon examines three violent ethnic wars in Yugoslavia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Iraq. Yugoslavia's violent ethnic wars, the war over Nagorno-Karabakh, and the violent conflict between Kurds and Arabs in Iraqi Kurdistan demonstrate that ethnic violence is a complex and multifaceted occurrence. Hanlon argues that the numerous reasons why groups adopt violent means can only be understood through a multilevel framework of the three images of ethnic war and the interrelationship among them.

Democratic Governance and Non-State Actors $85 This book investigates whether international standards of good governance are applied to sub-state actors as well as to states.By examining the international response to self-determination claims, thisbook demonstrates that the international community does indeed hold sub-state groups accountable to such standards.Claimant groups that have internalized human rights and democratic norms are more likely to receive international support in the form of empowerment (promoting some form of self-governance).To illustrate the causal forces at work, the book presents three qualitative case studies - Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, and the Western Sahara - to demonstrate that predictable changes in the international response occur as international perception of each claimant group's democratic record varies over time.

Yerevan Journal by Earle, Scott [Paperback] $30.65 In 1993, two years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the new Republc of Armenia was involved in a war to save the Armenian enclave of Nagorno Karabakh. It was a time of shortages and deprivation. Under these trying conditions a center was created in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, whose goal was to provide reconstructive surgical care to the victims of a devastating earthquake that had ravaged the country several years earlier. Yerevan Journal is the daybyday diary of an American surgeon who volunteered to work in Armenia during that difficult time. Author: Earle, Scott Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 160 Publication Date: 2007/06/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.37 inches

NagornoKarabakh: Ethnic Conflict or Geopolitics? $95.59 A clash between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Mountainous Karabakh has developed into one of the most violent conflicts reemerged in late 1980s in Eurasia. More than a decade earlier, President Carters advisor on National Security Zbigniew Brzezinski wrote: The ethnic question in USSR will apparently gain sharper forms, than racial crisis in United States. Indeed, the war over Nagorno Karabakh had by 1996 produced about 1,700,000 refugees and internally displaced people and killed over 55,000. Though, the ceasefire agreement between Azerbaijani and Armenian sides was achieved in 1994, the consequences of this war still remain unsolved, creating therefore a great potential for the regional instability. Both countries have experienced a tremendous negative impact on their economies, thus unable to unlock the full potential of the regional development and yield benefits from the Caspian oil and gas. Author: Ismayilov, Ibrahim Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 92 Publication Date: 2010/06/28 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.22 inches

Securing Europe $89.5 The new model of intervention that emerged from Bosnia and Kosovo signalled a revolution in International Affairs. The crises in the Balkans revealed a new division of labour amongst Western states: US forces are primarily responsible for military action while European partners are more committed to Peace Support Operations and the subsequent building of 'security communities' via integration into the NATO and EU. This model has been evidenced in the post-9/11 'war on terror'. Here Moustakis and German examine the emergence and practice of this new Western model of intervention, which combines 'hard'/military and 'soft'/peace approaches, and assess its success and failures in the light of recent operations in Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Georgia, and Nagorno-Karabakh. The fragile democratisation processes unfolding in the Balkans and the Caucasus offer important insights into the challenges of securing volatile regions and peripheries.

Khojaly Massacre $70.1 The Khojaly Massacre was the killing of hundreds of ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojaly on 2526 February 1992 during the Nagorno Karabakh War. The town itself was levelled to the ground. According to the Azerbaijani side, as well as Memorial Human Rights Center, Human Rights Watch and other international observers, the massacre was committed by the ethnic Armenian armed forces, reportedly with help of the Russian 366th Motor Rifle Regiment, apparently not acting on orders from the command. The official death toll provided by Azerbaijani authorities is 613 civilians, of them 106 women and 83 children. The event became the largest massacre in the course of conflict. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 100 Publication Date: 2010/07/25 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.23 inches

The Baku Boy Scouts by Sparks, Lloyd [Paperback] $19.9 Ollie wants to lead a Boy Scout troop. Wade wants to lead soldiers into combat. Dr. Snider just wants to go home and retire. The three men find themselves taking a group of reluctant teenagers on a campout in the wilds of Nagorno Karabakh, where the get hopelessly lost. They wander into the nomansland between Armenia and Azerbaijan and find themselves caught up in a small war. To make things worse, the US has lost a nuclear warhead in the area and the Russians and Iranians want to find it as badly as the Americans do. The kids come upon it first and only the Baku Boy Scouts and their archrivals, the Math Genies, can avert a major international incident. Author: Sparks, Lloyd Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 108 Publication Date: 2008/10/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.22 inches

The European Union, Civil Society and Conflict $138 Until recently, the European Union tended to view violent mass conflicts predominantly through the lens of negotiations between conflict leaders and powerful external actors. Today, the EU has begun to recognize the imperative of understanding and influencing developments on the ground in conflict situations by engaging with local civil society. The European Union, Civil Society and Conflict explores the EU's relations with civil society organizations at the local level, in an effort to improve the effectiveness and relevance of its conflict and peace strategies. Looking in particular at the eastern and southern neighbourhoods, the volume analyses five case studies of EU and local civil society interaction in: Georgia & Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Moldova & Transnistria, Israel & Palestine and Morocco & Western Sahara. Through the comparative examination of these cases, this volume draws broad policy guidelines tailored to governmental and non-governmental action. Exploring the impact of the European Union in conflicts beyond its borders through its engagement with civil society, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of the EU, civil society and conflict.

Contested Nationalism $75 Only unity saves the Serbs is the famous call for unity in the Serb nationalist doctrine. But even though this doctrine was ideologically adhered to by most of the Serb leaders in Croatia and Bosnia, disunity characterized Serb politics during the Yugoslav disintegration and war. Nationalism was contested and nationalist claims to homogeneity did not reflect the reality of Serb politics. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of Serb politics and challenges widespread assumptions regarding the Yugoslav conflict and war. It finds that although Slobodan Milosevic played a highly significant role, he was not always able to control the local Serb leaders. Moreover, it adds to the emerging evidence of the lack of importance of popular attitudes; hardline dominance was generally based on the control of economic and coercive resources rather than on elites successfully "playing the ethnic card." It moves beyond an assumption of automatic ethnic outbidding and thus contributes toward a better understanding of intra-ethnic rivalry in other cases such as Israel/Palestine, Northern Ireland, Nagorno-Karabakh and Rwanda.

Grasping the Nettle: Analyzing Cases of Intractable Conflict $19.08 Among the unwelcome legacies of the past century are a group of conflicts, both intrastate and interstate, that seem destined never to end. From Kashmir to Nagorno-Karabakh, Colombia to Sudan, the Korean Peninsula to the Middle East, these deeply entrenched, intermittently violent conflicts have so far resisted all outside efforts to resolve them.What lessons-aside from the apparent futility of mediation-can such dismal situations possibly offer? As the distinguished contributors to "Grasping the Nettle" make plain, this is not a rhetorical question. Unyielding conflicts offer numerous insights-not only about the sources of intractability but also about such facets of mediation and conflict management as how to gain leverage, when to engage and disengage, how to balance competing goals, and who to enlist to play supporting roles.The first part of this eye-opening volume identifies and analyzes the defining characteristics and underlying dynamics of intractable conflicts. The second part turns the spotlight on no fewer than eight current cases, in each instance chronicling the conflict's evolution, evaluating the internal and external factors that have conspired to prevent a settlement, and assessing whether past peacemaking initiatives have in fact only aggravated the conflict. The conclusion makes the point that even intractable conflicts eventually end and highlights the strategic approaches and tactical steps that have yielded success in the past for mediators and conflict managers from governments, international organizations, and NGOs.

The Go-Between: Jan Eliasson and the Styles of Mediation $17.24 Success in international mediation hinges on the skill, style, and methods of the mediator. This volume explores international mediation through the lens of Ambassador Jan Eliasson, an international go-between with a remarkable track record.Authors Svensson and Wallensteen contend that international mediators' styles vary in four dimensions-scope, method, mode, and focus-and that the mandate mediators receive strongly determines the style they adopt. The authors draw lessons for the peacemaking process from their examination of how Eliasson entered, prepared, pursued, and finally ended his mediation efforts. Svensson and Wallensteen evaluate Eliasson's role in six cases: two missions on the Iran-Iraq conflict; two cases of humanitarian diplomacy, in Burma/Myanmar and in Sudan; and two cases of internal armed conflicts, in Nagorno-Karabakh and in Darfur. Analyzing the role of the mediator in each of these instances offers insight into the constraints mediators face and outcomes they may achieve in other scenarios. The authors conclude with ten implications for mediation research and practice.As a special feature of this volume, the authors incorporate excerpts from extensive interviews and diary entries from Jan Eliasson on his mediation experiences.

Armenia: Portraits of Survival and Hope $34.53 A remarkable view of how geopolitics affects ordinary people, this book documents, in words and pictures, the lives of Armenians in the last two decades. Based on intimate interviews with three hundred Armenians and featuring Jerry Berndt's superb photographs, it brings together firsthand testimony about the social, economic, and spiritual circumstances of Armenians during the 1980s and 1990s, when the country faced an earthquake, pogroms, and war. At times shocking and deeply emotional, "Armenia: Portraits of Survival and Hope "is a story of extreme suffering and hardship, a searching look at the fight for independence, and an exceptionally complex portrait of the human spirit. A companion to the Millers' highly acclaimed work "Survivors: An Oral History of the Armenian Genocide, "which documented the genocide of 1915, this book focuses on four groups of people: survivors of the earthquakes that devastated northwestern Armenia in 1988; refugees from Azerbaijan who fled Baku and Sumgait because of pogroms against them; women, children, and soldiers who were affected by the war in Nagorno-Karabakh; and ordinary citizens who survived several winters without heat because of the blockade against Armenia by Turkey and Azerbaijan. The Millers' narrative situates these accounts contextually and thematically, but the voices of individuals remain paramount. The Millers also describe their personal experiences in repeated research trips, inviting us to look beyond the headlines and think beyond the circumstances of our own lives as they bring contemporary Armenia to life.

Engaging Eurasia's Separatist States: Unresolved Conflicts and de Facto States $14.32 In the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, secessionist forces carved four de facto states from parts of Moldova, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. Ten years on, those states are mired in uncertainty. Beset by internal problems, fearful of a return to the violence that spawned them, and isolated and unrecognized internationally, they survive behind cease-fire lines that have temporarily frozen but not resolved their conflicts with the metropolitan powers. In this, the first in-depth comparative analysis of these self-proclaimed republics, Dov Lynch examines the logic that maintains this uneasy existence and explores ways out of their volatile predicament.Drawing on extensive travel within Eurasia and remarkable access to leading figures in the secessionist struggles, Lynch spotlights the political, military, and economic dynamics-both internal and external-that drive the existence of South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Transnistria, and Nagorno-Karabakh. He also evaluates a range of options for resolving the status of the de facto states before violence returns, and proposes a coordinated approach, spearheaded by the European Union, that balances de facto and de jure independence and sovereignty.Slim but packed with information and insight, this volume also offers instructive lessons about the dynamics of intrastate and ethnic conflict and the merits of autonomy and power sharing in places as diverse as Kosovo, Northern Cyprus, and Chechnya.

Ukraine Crimea Russia. Triangle of Conflict $60.22 The Crimea was the only region of Ukraine in the 1990s where separatism arose and interethnic conflict potentially could have taken place between the Ukrainian central government, ethnic Russians in the Crimea, and Crimean Tatars. Such a conflict would have inevitably drawn in Russia and Turkey. Russia had large numbers of troops in the Crimea within the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet. Ukraine also was a nuclear military power until 1996. This book analyses two interrelated issues. Firstly, it answers the question why UkraineCrimeaRussia traditionally have been a triangle of conflict over a region that Ukraine, Tatars and Russia have historically claimed. Secondly, it explains why interethnic violence was averted in Ukraine despite Crimea possessing many of the ingredients that existed for Ukraine to follow in the footsteps of interethnic strife in its former Soviet neighbourhood in Moldova (TransDniestr), Azerbaijan (Nagorno Karabakh), Georgia (Abkhazia, South Ossetia), and Russia (Chechnya). Author: Kuzio, Taras Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 260 Publication Date: 2007/03/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.59 inches

The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict $155 Of all the violent disputes that have flared across the former Soviet Union since the late 1980s, the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict is the only one to pose a genuine threat to peace and security throughout Eurasia. By right of its strategic location and oil resources, the Transcaucasus has been and will continue to be a source of interest for external powers competing to advance their geopolitical influence in the region. Under such conditions, the possibility will remain for the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict to reignite and expand to include other powers. The ten-year conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan has been one of the bloodiest and most intractable disputes to emerge from the breakup of the Soviet Union. Animosity that developed between the Armenians and Azeris under czarist Russian rule was fueled by the rise of a dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh, a mountainous region for which both peoples feel an intense nationalistic affinity. The attachment of the region to Azerbaijan by Stalin in 1923 became a source of deep resentment for the Armenians, and during the rule of Gorbachev, a campaign was begun to achieve the peaceful unification of Armenia and Karabakh. Azerbaijan resisted the move as a threat to its territorial integrity, and clashes that broke out soon escalated into a full-scale war that outlived the USSR itself. Although a cease-fire has been observed since May, 1994, a peaceful settlement to the conflict has been elusive. Meanwhile, by right of both the strategic location and resources and the unique security characteristics of the Transcaucasus, major external powers—Russia, Turkey, and Iran—have sought to influence the dispute according to their geopolitical interests. With the growth of interest in the oil riches of the Caspian Sea and the increasing engagement of Western countries, including the United States, the risks and implications of renewed violence between Armenia and Azerbaijan will grow. This major study will be of interest to students, scholars, and policymakers involved with international relations, military affairs, and the Transcaucasus.