Tom Luxsox Coins

Byzantine Heraclius

The True Cross

Holy Cross Day

Holy Cross Day on the 14th  is one of the two major festivals in September. This festival has an interesting history. S. Helena was the mother of the Emperor Constantine who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. In 325 AD, when she was 80 years of age, Helena made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in order to search out some of the important sites connected with the life of Jesus. She believed that she had located the place of Jesus' crucifixion and also the tomb in which his body had been laid and from which the resurrection had taken place. At the place of crucifixion she discovered wood from the cross. Hence she is normally depicted as holding on to a cross. Helena and Constantine then arranged for the building of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on the site. It was dedicated some ten years later, with a part of the cross placed inside it in a silver casket.

In 614 the Sassanid Emperor Khosrau II  removed the part of the cross as a trophy, when he captured Jerusalem. Thirteen years later, in 628, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius regained the relic. He placed the cross in Constantinople at first, and took it back to Jerusalem in March 21, 630. Around 1009, Christians in Jerusalem hid part of the cross and it remained hidden until it was rediscovered during the First Crusade, on August 5, 1099, by Arnulf Malecorne, the first Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, conveniently at a moment when a morale boost was needed. According to the historian Simon Harding there is an excellent account of this in Runciman's book on the First Crusade.

The relic that Arnulf discovered was a small fragment of wood embedded in a golden cross, and it became the most sacred relic of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was housed in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre under the protection of the Latin Patriarch, who marched with it ahead of the army before every battle. It was captured by Saladin during the Battle of Hattin in 1187 and subsequently disappeared. Both the Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos and Georgian queen Tamar sought to ransom it from Saladin without success. The date used for the festival commemorates the dedication of the church in 335 AD.. This original commemoration was a two-day festival. On the second day the relic itself was brought out of the building so that all present could pray before it. This custom continued for many years. The event was significant in the development of the use of the cross as a prime symbol of our faith. Before this other symbols, such as the sign of the fish, were more commonly used.

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre still holds a special place in the hearts of Christians, although it appears that not too much of the original Byzantine structure remains. Many churches possess fragmentary remains that are by tradition alleged to be those of the True Cross. Their authenticity is not accepted universally by those of the Christian faith and the accuracy of the reports surrounding the discovery of the True Cross is questioned by some Christians. The acceptance and belief of that part of the tradition that pertains to the Early Christian Church is generally restricted to the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. The Medieval legends of its provenance differ between Catholic and Orthodox tradition. These churches honour Helena as a saint, as does also the Anglican Communion.

Rev'd Canon Denis Moss and Simon Harding

www.biblon.com

www.chronosconsulting.com

About the Author

Bust of 7th Century Byzantine Emperor Heraclius $79.99 Bust of 7th Century Byzantine Emperor Heraclius - Premium Photographic Print

Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium $74.88 This book evaluates the life and empire of the pivotal yet controversial Byzantine emperor Heraclius (ad. 610641), a contemporary of the Prophet Muhammad. His stormy wartorn reign is critical for understanding the background to fundamental changes in the Balkans and the Middle East, including the emergence of Islam. Heraclius skills enabled him to capture and recapture important territory, including Jerusalem, Syria and Egypt. Yet, they proved to be of little value when he confronted early Islamic conquests. Author: Kaegi, Walter E., Jr./ Walter E., Kaegi Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 372 Publication Date: 2007/05/21 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.82 inches

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Constantine III (Byzantine Emperor) $58.94 Heraclius Novus Constantinus known in English as Constantine III, was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months in 641. Constantine IIIs birth name was Heraclius Novus Constantinus which was also the official name under which he reigned. The name Constantine became established in later Byzantine texts as short for the emperor and has become standard in modern historiography. In terms of official imperial nomenclature, the style Constantine III would be more appropriate for his son Constans II. Constantine was crowned coemperor by his father on January 22, 613 and shortly after was betrothed to his cousin, Gregoria, a daughter of his fathers first cousin, Nicetas. As the couple were second cousins, the marriage was technically incestuous, but this consideration must have been outweighed by the advantages of the match to the family as a whole. Furthermore, its illegality paled into insignificance beside Heraclius marriage to his niece Martina in the same year Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 68 Publication Date: 2010/07/26 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.16 inches

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