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Criticism Shrodinger'cat
Critics Schrödinger Cat "
Prior to the disclosure of ideas controversial physics, let us remember one of the major mysteries of quantum mechanics, which deals with the paradox of the cat. This thought experiment has been proposed by the great physicist Erwin Schrödinger was one of the architects of the revolutionary theory with the theory of relativity Albert Einstein led to a philosophical revolution in scientific thinking this century.
The reader may have become physicists ex-contractor a subject that looks like a joke. Trap a cat in a box in which a radioactive source, a radiation detector and a gas which is toxic released when a particle is detected, killing the cat, is not just a joke, it is the height of wickedness. But it just a thought experiment, and the biographers say, Schrödinger was a beautiful soul. Another version is due to David Bohm which consist of a light source, a half-silvered mirror and a light detector (a photocell, for example) that is coupled to a weapon that kills the cat When a photon is detected. In this version the half-silvered mirror splits the quantum state of photon in a superposition of two different states, one taken into account and which is transmitted by the mirror. The fact is that in both cases, the cat lives in a superposition of life and death. Let us now address the original version.
In the case of the cat stuck in the bucket, the particle detector is triggered once per minute. Suppose that the probability of issuing a particle by the radiation source is 0.5 during this period. Quantum theory does not predict the detection of radioactive event. simply says that the probability of this happening is 50%. If the particle is detected, the toxic gas is released and the cat dies.
We put the cat in an artificial satellite so no one knows if the cat is alive or dead.
As interpreted by the Copenhagen School (this school was led by Niels Bohr), even after spending a minute, we who are here on Earth, we can not say if the cat is in a specific life or death, simply because we do not really see himself. As seen in these sections, quantum mechanics described by assigning a wave function (a wave of probability) to the physical condition of the live chat and one dead cat's physical condition. The chat box is then correctly described as a wave superposition state composed of an equal extent of the wave to a live chat and the cat died. This superposition state of zone cat is characterized by probability. It makes no sense to say if the cat is alive or dead.
Suppose now that a team of scientists go into space in a spaceship, for example, a space shuttle, to check the status of the cat. When opening the box, they see that the cat is alive. The interpretation of the Copenhagen school for this event is that scientists opened the box, take note put the cat in a quantum state defined, which is the cat alive. But for some reason the communication system of the probe with the fault of the Earth and scientists are prevented from communicating with here. For Earth scientists, the chat box and scientists of the nave is a state of superposition of waves Chat live and dead cat. You see now that the superposition state becomes greater.
Finally scientists are able to obtain a connection with a computer and transmit the information of land that the cat is alive, this information in computer memory without anyone read what is in memory. Now is the computer scientists who remained in the country constituting a state of overlapping waves. When this information is read Earth Sciences reduce the superposition state to a state defined. They tell the news to colleagues who are in other rooms and so on. According to this interpretation, only jumps in reality the actual view when we observe it. Otherwise, it only exists in a state overlay. Even the reality of the macroscopic world is not objectively until we observe.
The analysis of the experience observation suggests that the cat requires a conscience. Objects such as chairs, tables and animals such as cats undefined existence unless they are observed by a consciousness. It appears that the point of view of the Copenhagen School is necessary for the microscopic world and should not be applied to objects of ordinary life. According to the physicist Heinz Pagels (1939-1988, was executive director of the New York Academy of Science and the author The Cosmic Code Book) see what really happens when you make a comment.
When observing an object, the first impression that we have through this light energy reaches our eyes. But the most important observation is information. It is known that the study of statistical mechanics which is not possible to obtain information without increasing the entropy (the entropy is a measure of the disorganization of a system), which is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. This increase of entropy implies that time has an arrow - it is temporal irreversibility and physical processes that exist to store information, then the memory is possible. We conclude that the irreversibility time is the main aspect of the observation, not the consciousness of observation, although this, of course, printing irreversible because it involves memory. The observations can be made by computers because they have a magnetic memory. The main point of this analysis observation is that as the world's information in the quantum irreversible macroscopic world, we can certainly give an objective meaning for her - you can not fall to the wasteland of the quantum world. Thus, it appears that collapses the Copenhagen interpretation, which is incorporated in extreme view of reality.
But if we stay at the quantum level, a measure may generate indeterminacies. How do the indeterminacy Quantum can affect our lives in the macroscopic world? Let's see.
The computers had spent an architecture formed by the electronic components that could highlight a rapid inspection of its interior. Transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors and vacuum tubes, the same compound parts primary computer. The miniaturization of components has been relatively fast, due to complex printing techniques circuits, and currently these components are already at the scale of molecular dimensions and the tendency is to reach the atomic scale and perhaps even the subatomic. It is too late, the 286 computers were considered the most advanced technology and are now in the museum. Well, when there was a problem with one of these components, for example, the burning of a circuit or a broken wire, its replacement by a technician was possible. Now with new computers that is not possible because of the microscopic components that no longer sees the naked eye. However, we now have a new type of malfunction of the computers and is called software errors. This happens when a power failure at the micro-switch operation then immediately goes to work normally. Engineers can not do this kind of repair, as no equipment was damaged item. What are the causes of these errors in the software?
quantum particles are high energy that can fly through the micro-electronic switches, those resulting from our known bugs, but do nothing more with electronics. These particles can simply be cosmic rays or particles emitted by natural radioactivity exists in materials in the micro - chip. Thus, software errors are part of the universe undetermined of quantum mechanics. Its location and its effects are completely random. Someone suggested that it would be possible to trigger a nuclear holocaust produced by these random particles, or by a random error. Thus, military computers of the great powers are protected and have low natural radioactivity so that the probability of such an event is minimal. Another example is what happens to the design of a child: a random combination of DNA molecules of the child's parents. At this point, does the quantum nature of chemical bonding between DNA molecules. Therefore, quantum indeterminacy may indeed affect our lives. Now those who carries the indeterminacy of macroscopic objects like cats and objects, make, according to Pagels, free.
The seriousness of the problem of Schrödinger's cat can be evaluated on the extent of the problem causing of the Universe. According to Roger Penrose (1931 -), Oxford University, after the Big Bang and the Planck length of time (10-43 s) the interval the corresponding space is the Planck length (10-33 cm), these figures "ridiculous" the attempts of the space-time with a fork. There is a situation which leads to a superposition of two space - time, one from the live chat and other cat died. It is in this range of space that nature must choose one or the other space-time according to a rule that is still unknown.
These "ridiculous figures" which refers Penrose are several orders of magnitude smaller than those characterizing the state of elementary particles. When the universe was "only" 10-33 s of age, there was a sudden exponential expansion proposed by a factor of 1060, which begins a new era, described by Alan Guth (1947 -), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Universe, I nflationary. This theory is rejected by Penrose and, among others, Director of the British journal Nature, which precludes serious restrictions on the model and the Big Bang itself. I think is only a model or theory concocted agree with the comments made by the current ground-based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope, mostly on the cosmic microwave background radiation observed by the cosmic Panzias Arno (1933 -) and Robert Wilson (1936 -), which confirmed the theory Universe inflationary pressures, so they received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1978.
Well, you could say that all this is crazy, but the how science advances and you can now, perhaps, answer the call from your cell phone ...
leopoldferreira@gmail.com
About the Author
Physicist and writer. Five published books. Msc. in science by COPPE-UFRJ (Rio de Janeiro). Phd in Physics by UFPA(Belém do Pará). Take training at Kernforschunganlage Jülich Gmbh-Germany. Professor and guide of two thesis in post-graduation. Flght-Controller. Articles published at journals. See more at Google search: "leopoldino dos santos Ferreira".
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